Ultrasonics in industry

The most important and successful industrial applications for ultrasonics are summarized and differentiated into two categories: 1) applications where ultrasonics is employed at low power for measurement and control, and 2) applications where high ultrasonic power is employed to modify the material by the dissipation of energy. Descriptions are given of well-established uses, known uses without large-scale industrial application, and recent developments which promise to assume increased importance. In each instance, the underlying concepts, the equipment construction, and the field of application are indicated.