Collision mitigation by log-likelihood ratio (LLR) conversion in orthogonal code-hopping multiplexing

Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) conversion schemes are proposed to mitigate the effect of collisions (or perforations) that occur in orthogonal code-hopping multiplexing (OCHM), which was previously proposed to accommodate more downlink channels than the number of orthogonal codewords. The proposed LLR conversion schemes greatly reduce the required SNR in channel decoding even when the perforation probability is high. The perforation probability in some LLR conversion schemes is estimated and several estimation methods are proposed. An LLR conversion scheme without estimation of the perforation probability is also proposed to avoid accurate estimation. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated by simulation in terms of the required E_b/N₀ for a 1% block error rate (BLER).