Title :
Two-dimensional photonic crystal confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Author :
Yokouchi, Noriyuki ; Danner, Aaron J. ; Choquette, Kent D.
Author_Institution :
Micro & Nanotechnology Lab., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA
Abstract :
The two-dimensional photonic crystal (2-D PhC) structure has been investigated as a method for lateral mode control of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The 2-D PhC structures were designed using an equivalent index model developed for photonic crystal fibers combined with a plane wave expansion method. The etching depth dependence of the PhC structure was incorporated for the first time to design practical devices. 2-D PhC-confined VCSELs are demonstrated to operate in single PhC-confined mode using either a single- or seven-point defect.
Keywords :
etching; laser modes; optical fabrication; photonic crystals; refractive index; surface emitting lasers; equivalent index model; etching depth; lateral mode; photonic crystal fibers; plane wave expansion method; point defect; two-dimensional photonic crystal; vertical cavity surface emitting laser; Apertures; Fiber lasers; Laser modes; Optical fiber communication; Optical pulses; Optical surface waves; Photonic crystal fibers; Photonic crystals; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSTQE.2003.819521
