Dynamic Errors in Electronic Analog Computers

The introduction of dynamic errors in the solutions of linear differential equations by electronic analog computers has been given considerable attention. The previous work on the subject is reviewed herein and a useful application of these results is illustrated. The presentation of the error data is given in terms of the shift in the characteristic roots of the equation caused by the limited bandwidths of the operational amplifiers. A graphical representation, useful in predicting the bounds on the root shift, is also illustrated. Although the example shown is based on a linear second-order differential equation, it is observed that the method can be extended to higher-order linear characteristic equations.