Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide-type vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers: comparison of full-vector finite-difference time-domain and 3-D bidirectional beam propagation methods

Author

Elkin, Nikolay N. ; Napartovich, Anatoly P. ; Troshchieva, Vera N. ; Vysotsky, Dmitry V. ; Lee, Tae-Woo ; Hagness, Susan C. ; Kim, Nam-Heon ; Bao, Ling ; Mawst, L.J.

Author_Institution

State Res. Center Troitsk Inst. for Innovation & Fusion Res., Russia

Volume

24

Issue

4

fYear

2006

fDate

4/1/2006 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1834

Lastpage

1842

Abstract

The cold-cavity modal characteristics of an antiresonant optical waveguide-type cylindrical vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) are investigated through numerical simulations using a three-dimensional (3-D) bidirectional beam propagation method (BD-BPM) and a full-vector axisymmetric finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Good agreement between the BPM- and FDTD-computed radial mode profiles as well as the mode-dependent radiation losses is obtained. The results of this paper establish the accuracy of the BD-BPM technique for simulating this class of devices and confirm effective-index method predictions that antiresonance conditions for cylindrical geometry devices (i.e., VCSELs) differ from those of planar geometry devices (i.e., edge emitters).

Keywords

finite difference time-domain analysis; optical losses; semiconductor device models; surface emitting lasers; waveguide lasers; 3-D bidirectional beam propagation methods; VCSEL; antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide; cold-cavity modal characteristics; effective-index method; full-vector finite-difference time-domain; mode-dependent radiation losses; vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers; Finite difference methods; Laser beams; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Stimulated emission; Surface emitting lasers; Surface waves; Time domain analysis; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Waveguide lasers; Beam propagation method; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL);

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Lightwave Technology, Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0733-8724

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/JLT.2006.871122

Filename

1618773