Finite-element analysis for lumbar interbody fusion under axial loading

A parametric study was conducted to evaluate axial stiffness of the interbody fusion, compressive stress, and bulging in the endplate due to changes in the spacer position with/without fusion bone using an anatomically accurate and validated L2-L3 finite-element model exercised under physiological axial compression. The results show that the spacer plays an important role in initial stability for fusion, and high compressive force is predicted at the ventral endplate for the models with the spacer and fusion bone together. By varying the positioning of the spacer anteriorly along anteroposterior axis, no significant change in terms of axial stiffness, compressive stress, and bulging of the endplate are predicted for the implant model. The findings suggest that varying the spacer position in surgical situations does not affect the mechanical behavior of the lumbar spine after interbody fusion.