Antennas buried in a roadway for vehicular traffic communications

The density of present and projected private vehicular traffic indicates a need for increasingly sophisticated techniques for the detection of, surveillance of, and communication with vehicles. Given these techniques, systems can be implemented to improve traffic flow and service to the motorist. All systems involve the function of data generation, processing and modulation, and transmission. Attention here is directed toward those problems occurring in the transmission aspect of the system, particularly the antenna design. Factors unique to vehicular communication for traffic control suggest, a priori, the use of antennas buried in the roadway. The basis for design criteria for buried antennas is delineated.