Fractal design of multiband and low side-lobe arrays

Most array factor design techniques are highly dependent on the operating wavelength. In this paper, a novel technique based on fractal structures is described for multiband operation. The analysis is focused in two different approaches: the fractal spatial arrangement of array elements and the fractal design of array factors. Although the patterns of fractal arrays show some interesting similarity properties at several bands, the directivity is not held constant through the bands. Nevertheless, such structures have been shown to be useful for designing low side-lobe arrays with equally weighted current elements. On the other hand, the fractal array factors presented do keep the same shape at several bands because they are designed as selfsimilar curves. The arrays that would synthesize such patterns present a characteristic power-law current distribution analogous to the spectral distribution of the bandlimited fractal Weierstrass function.