Voltage security assessment using generalized operational planning knowledge

An expert system called SEEKS (security evaluation knowledge-based system) has been developed to apply operational planning knowledge to the static security assessment problem. SEEKS performs the contingency selection and remedial action tasks usually conducted offline by an operational planner. Rule-based techniques are used to select contingencies expected to cause steady state bus voltage violations. The selection identifies the most severe outage in each local area such that power flows need only be run for these worst-case outages. Both single and double branch outages are considered. Double outages are defined as scenarios where two branches share one bus, thereby providing coverage for events where a single branch outage evolves into a double branch outage due to protection, relay, or breaker failure. This system has been tested using the IEEE 30-bus system and a Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 182-bus system