Research in electrocardiography and magnetocardiography

The mathematical, physical, and engineering aspects of electrocardiography and magnetocardiography are reviewed. A brief summary of relevant physiological and clinical information is also given. The aim of the article is to provide a general perspective for engineers new to the area who want to do research. A detailed discussion of difficulties encountered in determining the heart vector and the nondipolar properties of the heart´s field is included. Stress is placed on the need for development of practical ECG and MCG systems for use in the clinic. A number of research problems of current interest are pointed out.