Intercarrier Buss Phenomena Analysis and Cures

This partly tutorial paper defines buzz as the result of video related incidental phase modulation (IPM) of the intercarrier. The main sources of IPM are 1. parametric and transit time effects, both non-linear in character and 2. AM to PM conversion of a strictly linear character. 1. is the main source of transmitter visual IPM but can also take place in the receiver. Linear AM to PM is prominent in the receiver as Nyquist IPM.