Some practical considerations in the design of sandwich transducers and their arrays

This paper describes the evolution of a 10.5 kHz sandwich element, developed to suit a cylindrical transducer array. It is essentially a guide to the practical problems encountered in designing sandwich elements, and the equations used are very much simplified. The approach is somewhat empirical, the eventual design being reached after differing prototype elements had been constructed; however, even with a more exact analysis it is unlikely that the need for prototype elements can be dispensed with.