Title :
Design and characterisation of a very low current to frequency convertor
Author :
El-Hennawy, A. ; Saleh, N. ; Borel, D.
Author_Institution :
Ain Shams University, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
fDate :
10/1/1985 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A current to frequency convertor (CFC), fully integrated in aluminum gate p-channel enhancement/depletion MOS technology, is proposed. It is designed for measuring low level currents (10¿13 ¿10¿8 A). A feedback loop is used to obtain good linearity (better than 5%). Experimentally, the CFC works in the range 5 × 10¿13 ¿5 × 10¿8 A. Some nonlinearity problems are observed and explained in the paper.
Keywords :
convertors; electric current measurement; feedback; field effect integrated circuits; linear integrated circuits; switched capacitor networks; Al gate; MOS technology; PMOS implementation; current/frequency convertor; differential amplifier; feedback loop; low level current measurement; nonlinearity problems; p-channel enhancement/depletion; pA level; switched capacitor technique;
Journal_Title :
Electronic Circuits and Systems, IEE Proceedings G
DOI :
10.1049/ip-g-1:19850038
