A new active RC circuit realization of a third-order low-pass butterworth characteristic using grounded capacitors and equal-valued passive elements

A new active RC circuit realization of a third-order low-pass Butterworth characteristic, in which not only all the resistors and capacitors are of equal value but also all the capacitors are grounded, is described. From the fabrication viewpoint, the proposed circuit is superior to the circuits of Huelsman, Dutta Roy and Malik, and Krishna Gopal. From the sensitivity viewpoint, the proposed circuit is superior to the Huelsman circuit and compares favorably with the circuits of Dutta Roy and Malik, and Krishna Gopal.