Simplified analysis off arbitrary switched-capacitor networks

A general method is presented which allows a closed-form analysis of switchedcapacitor (SC) networks with several phases, arbitrary duty cycles and with nonideal operational amplifiers. The method is based on a new equivalent representation of SC networks in the zdomain and on flow-graph techniques. The equivalent z-domain representations of SC networks proposed in this paper are compatible with classical circuit-theory considerations, and they are simpler and require a smaller number of elements than the equivalent circuits previously proposed. The usefulness and efficiency of the method proposed is illustrated with some examples. Moreover, it is shown how to transform the z-domain SC networks into equivalent time-continuous (analogue) circuits to analyse them in the frequency and/or time domain by use of conventional general-purpose circuit simulation programs. A user-ready implementation on SPICE is also proposed.