Method for analysis of switched-capacitor networks containing operational amplifiers with finite DC gain and bandwidth

An analysis technique is proposed which takes into account the effect of finite DC gain and the gain-bandwidth product of operational amplifiers (OAs) on the response of switched-capacitor (SC) networks operated by a biphase or a multiphase clock. The general matrix equation of the network in the z-domain is split into two subsets: external charge conservation equations (CCEs), which are set up for the passive part of the network, and internal CCEs, based on equivalent OA representations. The technique is simple, versatile, applicable to SC networks of any topology and suitable for creating a computeraided analysis system. Examples are given for both to confirm the advantages of equivalent OA representations and to illustrate the technique´s efficiency.