DocumentCode :
938528
Title :
Outdoor-to-Indoor Office MIMO Measurements and Analysis at 5.2 GHz
Author :
Wyne, Shurjeel ; Molisch, Andreas F. ; Almers, Peter ; Eriksson, Gunnar ; Karedal, Johan ; Tufvesson, Fredrik
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund
Volume :
57
Issue :
3
fYear :
2008
fDate :
5/1/2008 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
1374
Lastpage :
1386
Abstract :
The outdoor-to-indoor wireless propagation channel is of interest for cellular and wireless local area network applications. This paper presents the measurement results and analysis based on our multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) measurement campaign, which is one of the first to characterize the outdoor-to-indoor channel. The measurements were performed at 5.2 GHz; the receiver was placed indoors at 53 different locations in an office building, and the transmitter was placed at three "base station" positions on a nearby rooftop. We report on the root-mean-square (RMS) angular spread, building penetration, and other statistical parameters that characterize the channel. Our analysis is focused on three MIMO channel assumptions often used in stochastic models. 1) It is commonly assumed that the channel matrix can be represented as a sum of a line-of-sight (LOS) contribution and a zero-mean complex Gaussian distribution. Our investigation shows that this model does not adequately represent our measurement data. 2) It is often assumed that the Rician if-factor is equal to the power ratio of the LOS component and the other multipath components (MPCs). We show that this is not the case, and we highlight the difference between the Rician if-factor often associated with LOS channels and a similar power ratio for the estimated LOS MPC. 3) A widespread assumption is that the full correlation matrix of the channel can be decomposed into a Kronecker product of the correlation matrices at the transmit and receive array. Our investigations show that the direction-of-arrival (DOA) spectrum noticeably depends on the direction-of-departure (DOD); therefore, the Kronecker model is not applicable, and models with less-restrictive assumptions on the channel, e.g., the Weichselberger model or the full correlation model, should be used.
Keywords :
Gaussian distribution; MIMO communication; correlation methods; direction-of-arrival estimation; matrix algebra; mean square error methods; stochastic processes; wireless channels; LOS channels; building penetration; cellular network applications; channel correlation matrix; direction-of-arrival spectrum; direction-of-departure; frequency 5.2 GHz; line-of-sight contribution; outdoor-to-indoor office MIMO analysis; outdoor-to-indoor office MIMO measurements; outdoor-to-indoor wireless propagation channel; root-mean-square angular spread; statistical parameters; stochastic models; wireless local area network applications; zero-mean complex Gaussian distribution; Angular dispersion; Kronecker model; LOS power factor; MIMO; Rician $K$-factor; Rician K-factor; Virtual channel representation; Weichselberger model; angular dispersion; channel sounding; direction of arrival; direction of departure; direction-of-arrival (DOA); direction-of-departure (DOD); line-of-sight (LOS) power factor; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); virtual channel representation (VCR);
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9545
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TVT.2007.909272
Filename :
4357469
Link To Document :
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