Title :
Minimum classification error training for online handwriting recognition
Author_Institution :
IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
fDate :
7/1/2006 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This paper describes an application of the minimum classification error (MCE) criterion to the problem of recognizing online unconstrained-style characters and words. We describe an HMM-based, character and word-level MCE training aimed at minimizing the character or word error rate while enabling flexibility in writing style through the use of multiple allographs per character. Experiments on a writer-independent character recognition task covering alpha-numerical characters and keyboard symbols show that the MCE criterion achieves more than 30 percent character error rate reduction compared to the baseline maximum likelihood-based system. Word recognition results, on vocabularies of 5k to 10k, show that MCE training achieves around 17 percent word error rate reduction when compared to the baseline maximum likelihood system
Keywords :
handwriting recognition; handwritten character recognition; hidden Markov models; image classification; word processing; HMM; alpha-numerical characters; character recognition; hidden Markov model; keyboard symbols; minimum classification error training; online handwriting recognition; word error rate; word recognition; writing style; Character recognition; Dynamic programming; Error analysis; Handwriting recognition; Hidden Markov models; Keyboards; Maximum likelihood decoding; Personal digital assistants; Vocabulary; Writing; Minimum classification error; discriminative training; dynamic programming; finite state machine.; handwriting recognition; hidden Markov model; maximum likelihood; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Automatic Data Processing; Documentation; Handwriting; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Information Storage and Retrieval; Models, Statistical; Online Systems; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity;
Journal_Title :
Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.146