Title :
Bragg gratings made in reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with a femtosecond IR laser and a phase mask
Author :
Grobnic, Dan ; Mihailov, Stephen J. ; Smelser, Christopher W. ; Généreux, Francis ; Baldenberger, Georges ; Vallée, Real
Author_Institution :
Commun. Res. Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
fDate :
7/1/2005 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Three-decibel reflecting Bragg gratings were made in buried reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with high-power femtosecond infrared radiation from a regenerative Ti : sapphire amplifier and a phase mask. Two superposed gratings were observed: a relief grating on the surface of the crystal with a 300-nm corrugation depth and a subsurface grating in phase with the surface grating. Atomic force and optical microscopy were used to characterize the grating´s physical structure.
Keywords :
Bragg gratings; atomic force microscopy; high-speed optical techniques; infrared sources; ion exchange; laser materials processing; light reflection; lithium compounds; optical fabrication; optical microscopy; optical waveguides; 300 nm; Al2O3:Ti; Bragg gratings; IR laser; LiNbO3; Ti:sapphire amplifier; atomic force microscopy; buried waveguides; femtosecond infrared radiation; femtosecond laser; grating physical structure; high-power infrared radiation; lithium niobate waveguides; optical microscopy; phase mask; reflecting gratings; regenerative amplifier; relief grating; reverse proton exchange; subsurface grating; superposed gratings; surface grating; Atom optics; Atomic force microscopy; Bragg gratings; Corrugated surfaces; Lithium niobate; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Protons; Ultrafast optics; Waveguide lasers; Bragg gratings; lithium niobate; ultrafast optics;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/LPT.2005.848557
