Bragg gratings made in reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with a femtosecond IR laser and a phase mask

Author

Grobnic, Dan ; Mihailov, Stephen J. ; Smelser, Christopher W. ; Généreux, Francis ; Baldenberger, Georges ; Vallée, Real

Author_Institution

Commun. Res. Centre Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada

Volume

17

Issue

7

fYear

2005

fDate

7/1/2005 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1453

Lastpage

1455

Abstract

Three-decibel reflecting Bragg gratings were made in buried reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with high-power femtosecond infrared radiation from a regenerative Ti : sapphire amplifier and a phase mask. Two superposed gratings were observed: a relief grating on the surface of the crystal with a 300-nm corrugation depth and a subsurface grating in phase with the surface grating. Atomic force and optical microscopy were used to characterize the grating´s physical structure.

Keywords

Bragg gratings; atomic force microscopy; high-speed optical techniques; infrared sources; ion exchange; laser materials processing; light reflection; lithium compounds; optical fabrication; optical microscopy; optical waveguides; 300 nm; Al₂O₃:Ti; Bragg gratings; IR laser; LiNbO₃; Ti:sapphire amplifier; atomic force microscopy; buried waveguides; femtosecond infrared radiation; femtosecond laser; grating physical structure; high-power infrared radiation; lithium niobate waveguides; optical microscopy; phase mask; reflecting gratings; regenerative amplifier; relief grating; reverse proton exchange; subsurface grating; superposed gratings; surface grating; Atom optics; Atomic force microscopy; Bragg gratings; Corrugated surfaces; Lithium niobate; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Protons; Ultrafast optics; Waveguide lasers; Bragg gratings; lithium niobate; ultrafast optics;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1041-1135

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/LPT.2005.848557

Filename

1453641