Phase slip, dissipation, Bernoulli effect, parametric capacitance, and other curious features of the Josephson effect

The details of the Josephson effect in thin metal bridges are difficult to derive quantitatively, and many papers have been written on the subject attempting to describe quantitatively such qualitative features as irreversible phase slip, instantaneous 2π phase slip, variation of order parameter in time and space, Bernoulli effect, and others. It does not seem to be generally recognized that all of these qualitative features are universal attributes of the Josephson effect and occur also in tunnel junctions. In addition, when a steady voltage is impressed across a junction, a term in the electric field is set up (in addition to the Bernoulli field) which has a rather complex temporal and spatial variation.