Characterisation of self-heating effects on multilayer ultrasonic transducers with adhesive bondlines

Multilayer piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducers in which the layers were bonded together with epoxy adhesives were tested at resonance under various duty cycle driving conditions. Experimental results from surface displacement and temperature measurements on these multilayer transducers are compared to results from a single-layer device. The effects of self-heating resulting from high duty cycle excitation of multilayer ultrasonic transducers are characterised and analysed.