Sensing/protecting system using magnetic semiconductor ceramics for environmental management

The authors describe a multifunctional sensor/protector system using magnetic semiconductor ceramics (MSCs). The MSCs´ magnetic and electrical properties have temperature, humidity, and gas-concentration dependences, as well as a switching function. Therefore the MSC performs the same function as the addition of a ferrimagnetic substance, a thermistor, a capacitor, and/or a switching element. A system having both sensors and protectors can be made from two MSCs and used in environmental management as well as in safety monitoring