Modeling and Protection of Hexagonal Phase-Shifting Transformers—Part I: Short-Circuit Model

Owing to several advantages over traditional phase shifters, applications of hexagonal phase-shifting transformers (PSTs) keep expanding. These transformers are built with unique connections of their windings, neither delta nor wye. Short-circuit modeling and analysis methods are not yet fully established for hexagonal phase shifters. This work is divided into two parts. In this part, a digital model of a hexagonal PST is developed and validated. This original material is of assistance when performing short-circuit system studies, relay setting calculations, as well as when modeling internal faults and developing protection techniques for the transformer itself. This paper explains construction of hexagonal PSTs, deriving their sequence impedances under varying taps and compares the model with manufacturer test data and a physical made-to-scale model developed specifically for this study. The transient model introduced in this paper can easily be integrated into the commonly used Alternate Transients Program and real-time digital simulator modeling environments. Part II of this work presents original protection methods for hexagonal PSTs.