Title : 
Optical-cable properties under frozen water in a conduit and a suitable method for prevention of degradation
         
        
            Author : 
Tanaka, Mitsuru ; Kobayashi, Takehiko ; Sugawara, Yoko ; Inada, Koji ; Tanaka, C. ; Katsuyama, Yutaka ; Ishida, Yuuki
         
        
            Author_Institution : 
Fujikura Cable Works Ltd., Sakura, Japan
         
        
        
        
        
        
        
            Abstract : 
Properties of an optical cable under frozen water in a conduit were examined. Large optical loss increase occurred due to freezing pressure. A simple and economical method for inserting specially designed PE pipes in a conduit was found to have clear effect in preventing loss increase.
         
        
            Keywords : 
environmental testing; optical communication equipment; optical fibres; telecommunication cables; freezing pressure; freezing test; frozen water in a conduit; optical cable properties; optical loss; optoelectronics; polyethylene pipes; prevention of degradation;
         
        
        
            Journal_Title : 
Electronics Letters
         
        
        
        
        
            DOI : 
10.1049/el:19810557