A universal circuit for studying and generating chaos. I. Routes to chaos

In this introductory tutorial paper, we demonstrate the generality of Chua´s oscillator in generating chaos and bifurcation phenomena by electronic laboratory experiments which illustrate the standard routes to chaos, and by giving a result which shows that Chua´s oscillator can generate the same qualitative behavior as any member of a 21-parameter family C of continuous, odd-symmetric, piecewise-linear vector field in R³. This result is of fundamental importance because it unifies many previously published papers on chaotic circuits and systems under one umbrella, thereby obviating the need to analyze these circuits and systems as separate and unrelated systems. Indeed, every bifurcation and chaotic phenomena exhibited by any member of the family C is also exhibited by this universal circuit