DocumentCode :
978120
Title :
A robust method for ECG-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing
Author :
Bailón, Raquel ; Sörnmo, Leif ; Laguna, Pablo
Author_Institution :
Inst. of Eng. Res., Zaragoza Univ., Spain
Volume :
53
Issue :
7
fYear :
2006
fDate :
7/1/2006 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
1273
Lastpage :
1285
Abstract :
A robust method is presented for electrocardiogram (ECG)-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing. Such ECGs contain highly nonstationary noise and exhibit changes in QRS morphology which, when combined with the dynamic nature of the respiratory frequency, make most existing methods break down. The present method exploits the oscillatory pattern of the rotation angles of the heart´s electrical axis as induced by respiration. The series of rotation angles, obtained from least-squares loop alignment, is subject to power spectral analysis and estimation of the respiratory frequency. Robust techniques are introduced to handle the nonstationary properties of exercise ECGs. The method is evaluated by means of both simulated signals, and ECG/airflow signals recorded from 14 volunteers and 20 patients during stress testing. The resulting respiratory frequency estimation error is, for simulated signals, equal to 0.5% ± 0.2%, mean ± SD (0.002 ± 0.001 Hz), whereas the error between respiratory frequencies of the ECG-derived method and the airflow signals is 5.9% ± 4% (0.022 ± 0.016 Hz). The results suggest that the method is highly suitable for analysis of noisy ECG signals recorded during stress testing.
Keywords :
electrocardiography; estimation theory; medical signal processing; pneumodynamics; spectral analysis; ECG-based estimation; airflow signals; electrocardiogram; heart electrical axis; least-squares loop alignment; nonstationary noise; power spectral analysis; respiration; respiratory frequency; robust method; rotation angles; stress testing; Communications technology; Data mining; Electrocardiography; Frequency estimation; Heart rate; Heart rate variability; Morphology; Robustness; Stress; Testing; ECG-derived respiration (EDR); electrocardiography; exercise; repiratory system; respiratory frequency; robustness; signal synthesis; Adult; Algorithms; Biological Clocks; Computer Simulation; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Electrocardiography; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Reproducibility of Results; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Mechanics; Sensitivity and Specificity;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9294
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.2006.871888
Filename :
1643397
Link To Document :
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