Title :
Characterization of refractive index profiles in silver-sodium ion-exchanged glass waveguides for homogeneous refracting waveguide structures
Author :
Pantchev, B. ; Nikolov, Z.
Author_Institution :
Inst. of Solid State Phys., Sofia, Bulgaria
fDate :
9/1/1993 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The refractive index profiles are investigated for Ag+-Na+ ion-exchanged waveguides in soda-lime glass. The waveguides with the highest index change, used to design homogeneous refracting waveguide lenses and prisms, are fabricated at 350°C using concentrated melt with composition of 10 mol.% AgNO3 and 90 mol.% NaNO3. The profiles of two- and three-mode waveguides are reconstructed from the measured mode refractive indexes. The linear correlation between the index change and the silver concentration in glass is experimentally confirmed. The concentration profiles are numerically simulated on the base of diffusion-exchange theory. It is established that the values of the maximum in index profile near the glass surface tend to a saturation value after a long exchange time
Keywords :
diffusion in solids; integrated optics; ion exchange; optical glass; optical waveguides; refractive index measurement; silver; sodium; 350 C; Ag-Na; Ag+-Na+; AgNO3; NaNO3; concentrated melt; concentration profiles; diffusion-exchange theory; glass waveguides; highest index change; homogeneous refracting waveguide lenses; linear correlation; long exchange time; mode refractive indexes; prisms; refractive index profiles; saturation value; silver concentration; silver-sodium ion-exchanged; soda-lime glass; three-mode; two-mode; waveguides; Glass; Lenses; Numerical simulation; Optical design; Optical fibers; Optical waveguides; Refractive index; Silver; Waveguide transitions; Wavelength measurement;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
