Open loop distribution system design

The ability to supply consumers of an urban area without prolonged interruption during a feeder segment or substation transformer outage, is assured by a uniform cable size of the feeder segments along the entire loop. Based on the criterion of the uniform cable size, a loop configuration is obtained first (by minimizing the installation costs), and then an open loop solution is found (by minimizing the power losses). Heuristic rules are proposed and used to obtain an initial solution, as well as to improve current solutions