Current north american assessment and refurbishment practices of substation grounding systems

A survey was undertaken on the current assessment and refurbishment practices of North American utilities regarding substation grounding systems. The information was gathered using standard survey techniques where all interested parties were requested to fill out a short written survey and return it with the understanding that their responses would be kept anonymous. Survey results show that almost all utilities evaluate the integrity of their ground grids at some point, and have maintenance or engineering standards for determining the integrity. Test equipment is frequently used to evaluate integrity, and ground grids not meeting these standards are commonly upgraded. The results also show that most use high resistivity surfacing material, yet very few test the resistivity of the material at the time it is installed. This paper provides guidance on the recommended best practices based on these survey results, which can be used for benchmarking purposes. It also includes a short discussion on the importance of maintaining the substation grounding system.