Shadow-corrected electromagnetic scattering from a randomly rough surface

The problem of electromagnetic scattering from a randomly rough surface is analyzed in the high-frequency limit with the use of the Kirchhoff approximation in conjunction with the vector Kirchhoff equation. The surface is allowed to have a finite conductivity but is assumed to be homogeneous. The analysis does not require that the surface be described as a Gaussian process; however, explicit formulas are presented for this case. A major new consideration is the effect of shadowing by the surface on its ability to scatter energy.