A general purpose method for electric and magnetic combined problems for 2D, axisymmetric and transient systems

A novel formulation which allows the inclusion of the circuit equations in finite-element analysis in two dimensions is presented. Two types of electromagnetic conductors are considered: solid conductors, in which eddy current can be induced, and stranded conductors, without eddy current. An equation combining the magnetic potential, the current, and the voltage is established for each conductor. This equation is used in a conventional circuit analysis method. The magnetic field and circuit equations can be solved simultaneously in the resulting system. An implicit method is used to discretize the equations in time. A Newton-Raphson linearization algorithm is used to handle problems that include materials with nonlinear properties. This formulation has been implemented in the commercial program FLUX2D. An AC electromagnet with shaded rings in short-circuit is considered