As a result of a 10-month study by the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, four UHF antennas were designed and fabricated, and their absolute power gains for elevation angles from 

 to 

 and azimuthal patterns at 

 elevation angle were measured with each antenna buried beneath 1 m of refractory concrete. Relative response of the four antennas, placed in solid granite, to a signal transmitted from an aircraft at ranges up to 300 km were recorded. The performance of the best buried antenna was comparable to that of a 

 monopole fed against a 

 diameter ground plane resting on the ground surface near the buried antenna.