An Analytical Model for the Reverse Link of WCDMA Systems With Repeaters in Nonuniform Traffic Distributions

The current extensive third generation network deployment has to cope with the existence of nonhomogeneous spatial traffic distributions, which are usually in the form of areas with high density of traffic. The concentration of users in some areas, particularly those far away from the base stations, can result in quality-of-service degradation due to high propagation losses. In this context, repeaters have turned out to be cost-effective nodes that are capable of mitigating these negative effects. This paper describes and models a multicellular/multiservice wideband code division multiple access system with repeaters in an environment with spatial nonuniformities. An analytical model is presented, and the expressions for the required transmission power, outage probability, and block error rate are derived for the reverse link. The implications of the noise amplification caused by the deployment of the repeaters as well as the variation of the propagation loss have been taken into account. Results focus on determining the maximum load factor for a given outage probability. In particular, special attention is paid to the effect of key parameters such as the gain between the base station and the repeaters, denoted as coupling gain, and the location of the different repeaters.