تحليل عوامل مؤثر بر جذب گردشگران ورزشي خارجي به كشور

Analyzing Effective Criteria on Attraction the Foreign Sport Tourists to Iran

امروزه استفاده بهينه از صنعت گردشگري موجب تحول اقتصادي بسياري از كشورهاي جهان گرديده است كه در اين ميان گردشگري ورزشي داراي بيشترين نرخ رشد و همچنين سهم سود اقتصادي در ميان ابعاد پنچ گانه اين صنعت است. بر اين اساس هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحليل عوامل مؤثر بر جذب گردشگران ورزشي خارجي به كشور مي باشد. به منظور دستيابي به اين هدف، در مرحله اول با استناد به منابع علمي و نظرات اساتيد، عوامل جذب گردشگران خارجي استخراج و در سه گروه 1. عوامل سياسي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي (شامل نه عامل)، 2. عوامل مربوط به زير ساخت ها (شامل چهار عامل) و 3. عوامل مديريتي (شامل هفت عامل)، سازماندهي شدند. در مرحله بعد، دو پرسشنامه متفاوت مبتني بر عوامل تعيين شده به صورت مقايسه زوجي (شامل 63 سئوال) و طيف هفت ارزشي (شامل 20 سئوال) طراحي، به سه زبان انگليسي، روسي و عربي ترجمه و در اختيار 160 نفر از گردشگران ورزشي خارجي كه نمونه آماري پژوهش را تشكيل مي دادند، قرار گرفتند. پرسشنامه اي كه بر اساس مقايسات زوجي بنا شده بود، بين تمامي افراد نمونه توزيع گرديد ولي در مورد پرسش نامه هفت ارزشي، از آنجا كه هدف مشاهده ميانگين گروه هاي مجزا بود، چهار گروه چهل نفري (1. گردشگران ورزشي اروپايي، 2. گردشگران ورزشي روس زبان، 3. گردشگران ورزشي كشورهاي آسياي جنوب شرقي و 4. گردشگران ورزشي كشورهاي عرب زبان) به منظور پاسخ گويي به سئوالات گزينش و پرسشنامه ها در اختيار آنها قرار گرفت. به منظور تحليل اطلاعات حاصل از پرسشنامه هاي مقايسه زوجي از روش تحليل سلسلمه مراتبي و به منظور تحليل اطلاعات حاصل از پرسشنامه هاي هفت ارزشي از روش تاپسيس در محيط فازي استفاده گرديد. نتايج نهايي پژوهش كه بر اساس ميانگين حاصل از نتايج دو روش مذكور حاصل شد، بيانگر آن بودند كه در ميان عوامل سياسي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي، برخورد مناسب مردم كشور ميزبان و وجود يك محيط آرام و مناسب براي گردشگران؛ در ميان عوامل مربوط به زير ساخت ها، بالا بودن سطح ورزشي كشور ميزبان و در ميان عوامل مديريتي، ارائه پاداش هاي مناسب و قابل توجه و جوايز ارزنده براي نفرات يا تيم هاي برتر، بايد بيش از ساير عوامل مورد توجه مسئولين مربوطه قرار گيرند.

1- Introduction Today many countries in the world use of tourism industry for revenue’s main resource, employing, growing the private firms and improving the infrastructures that sport tourism has very important role in development of this industry. In spite of variety and incredible effects of sport tourism on different societies, our country (Iran) is not so developed in foreign sport tourists’ attraction. Therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the effective criteria on attraction of foreign sport tourists to Iran. 2- Theoretical Bases and Key Concepts Sport Tourism: Sport Tourism is traveling with trading or non trading objectives for participating or observing the sport matches. Sport Tourist: Sport Tourist is a person that participates in competitive or recreational sport match actively or inactively in out of your habitat. According to this definition, athletes, spectators, referees, coaches, reporters and participants in sport congress are sport tourist. Tourism Attractions: one trait, region or complex of actions that cause to attract tourists to the special area. 3- Discussion In this study for access to researches’ purpose, at first stage by referring to scientific resources and also conversation by dominant masters, discovered the criteria of sport tourists’ attraction and organized finally in triple groups: 1. politic, social and cultural criteria (9 criteria), 2. Those criteria are relevant to infrastructures (4 criteria) and 3.Managerial criteria (7 criteria). In the after stage, two different questionnaires designed in dual comparison of criteria and seven scales forms, translated in three English, Russian and Arabic languages and distributed among 160 persons of sport tourists (research statistics sample). First questionnaire (dual comparison) distributed among whole persons but second questionnaire distributed among four groups with 40 persons (1. European countries sport tourists 2. Sport tourists of countries with Russian language 3. The Southeast Asian countries sport tourists 4.Sport tourists of countries with Arabic language). For analyzing the extracted information of questionnaires used of Analytical Hierarchy Method and TOPSIS Method in fuzzy environment. In the last stage earned the final results by calculating the average of the results of two methods. 4- Conclusion According to the final results, among political, social and cultural criteria: 1. host people’s suitable treatment and creating the suitable and peaceful environment for tourists, 2- spectators’ suitable treatment in sport matches with foreign tourists and 3- suitable political relevance between two countries among those criteria are relevant to infrastructures: 1- existence the high level of sport in host countries and 2- existence the advanced and suitable sport places and facilities for exercise and match and among Managerial criteria: 1- giving the considerable rewards for superior persons or teams, 2- proper advertisement for sport event in international level by host country and 3- proper advertisement for tourism attractions by host country recognized prior in comparison by other criteria. 5- Suggestions Suggestions of this study are: 5-1- Financial investment and correct studies for development the country’s sport infrastructure that this issue can cause to develop sport, promote the foreign athletes and teams tendency to travel to Iran and also promote the international games and tournaments, that provide the context of attraction many sport tourists. 5-2- Suitable advertisement in the international level for variety natural attraction, tradition, art and also Iran’s ancient historical places. 5-3- Suitable advertisement for international games that do in Iran. 5-4- Giving the considerable rewards that this issue can simulate athletes or teams for traveling to Iran.