كليدواژه :
توليد سفر و كاربري زمين , تصميم‌گيري چند معياره , سنندج و مدل توديم , توليدكننده سفرهاي درون‌شهري
چكيده فارسي :
نحوه چيدمان كاربري‌ها و توزيع فعاليت‌ها در سطح شهر، از عوامل تأثيرگذار بر الگوهاي حمل‌ونقل شهري است. تأمين خدمات ساكنين به‌گونه‌اي كه نياز به مسافت‌هاي طولاني به حداقل برسد، يكي از راهكارهاي كاهش ترافيك در شهرهاست. ازآنجاكه تقاضاي سفر از پراكنش كاربري‌هاي عمده ازجمله محل كار، مراكز تفريح، مراكز آموزشي و يا مراكز خدماتي مشتق مي‌شود، امروزه در الگوهاي جديد توسعه شهري سعي بر نزديك‌تر ساختن كانون فعاليت‌ها به همديگر در جهت كاهش حجم سفرها شده است. اصلاح الگوي كاربري زمين و مكان‌يابي كارآمد فعاليت‌ها يكي از راه‌هاي مؤثر در كاهش توليد سفر عنوان‌شده، به‌گونه‌اي كه تصميم‌گيري در رابطه با انجام و يا عدم انجام سفر به‌اندازه زيادي از عوامل اقتصادي – اجتماعي و شرايط توزيع كاربري زمين تأثير مي‌پذيرد. در اين تحقيق به رتبه‌بندي نواحي توليدكننده سفر با استفاده از مدل‌هاي تصميم‌گيري چند معياره در نواحي شهري سنندج پرداخته‌شده است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش توصيفي تحليلي بوده و براي اين منظور به گردآوري اطلاعات موردنياز به روش اسنادي و كتابخانه‌اي و براي انجام تحليل‌هاي لازم به استفاده از نرم‌افزارهاي GIS جهت تهيه نقشه‌هاي مربوطه و همچنين استفاده از روش AHP جهت وزن دهي معيارهاي مؤثر در توليد سفر و درنهايت رتبه‌بندي نواحي توليدكننده سفر با استفاده از مدل توديم (TODIM) پرداخته‌شده است. نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه توليد سفرهاي درون‌شهري با متغيرهاي اقتصادي اجتماعي و توزيع كاربري‌ها در ارتباط است. بر اساس نتايج بدست آمده از بكارگيري مدل توديم ناحيه 3 شهر سنندج در رتبه اول توليد سفرهاي درون شهري و ناحيه 15 در رتبه آخر قرار گرفته است. همچنين يافته هاي تحقيق بيانگر اين است كه افزايش تنوع كاربري‌ها در سطوح ناحيه موجب كاهش سفر به نواحي ديگر و كاهش ترافيك نيز خواهد شد.
چكيده لاتين :
1- introduction
Transportation is activity that involves people from the beginning of humanity. Transport system helps to people for achieve in different locations, the ability to perform activities and also in the movement of goods in different cities. Distribution of activities in different urban area will cause that people move from land use to another land use , and this leads into travel demand. The travel demand has been derived from major urban land uses distribution such as workplace, education centers, recreational facilities and service centers. Since the distribution of urban land use would be part of the reduction of travel demand can be achieved through land use policies.
2-Theoretical Basis
Land use and transportation systems interact and the link to this interaction is through the concept of
accessibility which is defined as the extent to which the land-use and transport systems enable groups
of individuals to reach activities or destinations by means of a combination of transport modes. The transportation system has an impact on accessibility and accessibility in turn influences the land use system for instance by having an impact on location choice. Land use generates activities such as housing, working, shopping and leisure. The need for individuals to participate in these activities and the spatial distribution of these activities generates the need to travel which has an impact on travel demand leading to impacts on the transport system. It should be noted that the reverse also holds as true, where land use has an impact on accessibility and this leads to changes in the transport system.
In terms of urban planning streets or roads and communication networks land uses are most important and sensitive public space in the cities. the allocation of network communication has directly related to urban land use allocation. So that urban land use allocation will be decrease current and future thinking in terms of access as well as significant problems. Because they need access to land and even that is kind of how communication networks and systems in terms of length, width, roadway and sidewalk has been directly effects.
3-Discussion
In the research findings effective criteria been evaluated in urban travel generation. these criteria included population, ratio of residential land use to total land use, employment, employment density, 10-64 group ages, students, students density, 0-9 and +65 group ages. These criteria using AHP model Were weighted and then using TODIM model that is one of the best methods for multi-criteria decision were ranking. In TODIM model final values are between 0 and 1, This means that whatever value is closer to 1 had ideal conditions(Ideal solution) for decisions and whatever these values are tending to 0 has not ideal conditions(none ideal solution) for decisions. Finally, with consideration all of travel producers factors that mentioned in this paper, region 3 in Sanandaj 22 municipal regions has been placed in first rank. This region corresponds to the informal settlement areas with population in high residential area and housing in small size. It is natural that a large proportion of the population and households in the region, the number of students at different levels of education are high in compare with other Sanandaj urban regions. also region 15 of Sanandaj municipal regions assigned the final ranking in based on travel producers factors that due to the low residential land use and population in this region, and consequently the proportion of low educational groups, employment rates and congestion and other factors.
4-Conclusion
According to studies in the urban travel can be seen that land use and its inappropriate distribution an had important role in the context. In fact, land use distribution is not proportionally to the needs of population areas, thus creating the demand for travel. northern part of Sannadaj city that includes municipal region of 1 to 6, contains old fabric neighborhoods with the highest residential land use ratio and also had high population. Regions 3, 5 and 6 are informal settlements regions and due to high population density these area can be produce very high amount of urban travel. Other regions, particularly southern city of Sanandaj Contains a much better situation because of the new neighborhoods and low population. Finally, it can be concluded that there is a difference in between different region and Enjoyment level in each region can have a positive role in the produce of urban travel. results that can be seen in 3,5 and 6 rgions.
5- Suggestions
- The need for integrated land use and transportation planning, looking at both sides look like successful experiences of various countries in this field.
- Allocation of land use based on transportation access and development of mixed land use in region scale.
- Need to allocating of land uses and distribution services suited to hierarchy of the physical divisions that reduces the residents who travel to other regions.
-Investigating the behavior and travel patterns of each type of urban land use.
