بررسي سطح توسعه يافتگي شهرستان‌هاي استان لرستان به تفكيك بخش‌هاي آموزشي و بهداشتي - درماني طي برنامه چهارم توسعه

The investigation of development level in the counties of Lorestan Province With emphasis on sanitary and educational sectors

برنامه‌ريزي منطقه‌اي فرآيندي است، در جهت مشاركت مردم و مناطق در برنامه‌ريزي و فراهم آوردن موجبات برنامه‌ريزي در جهت انطباق با برنامه‌هاي كلان ملي و ويژگي‌هاي منطقه‌اي. بنابراين برنامه‌ريزي منطقه‌اي با هدف توسعه و كاهش نابرابري‌هاي منطقه‌اي، از موضوعات مهم در كشورهاي در حال توسعه محسوب مي شود. در برنامه‌ريزي منطقه‌اي، هدف استفاده بهينه از منابع، براي توسعه منطقه است. بنابراين شناخت توانها و تنگناهاي منطقه جزء مباني كار است. همچنين لازمه برنامه‌ريزي منطقه‌اي شناسايي جايگاه مناطق نسبت به يكديگر به لحاظ توسعه است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي – تحليلي بوده و داده‌هاي تحقيق به روش كتابخانه‌اي جمع آوري شده است. هدف از تحقيق حاضر شناخت درجه توسعه شهرستانهاي استان لرستان به تفكيك بخشهاي آموزشي و بهداشتي - درماني در دو مقطع زماني 1382 و 1387 با بكارگيري دو روش تحليل عاملي(استفاده از نرم افزار spss) و تاكسونومي عددي مي باشد. همچنين، شهرستانهاي استان به لحاظ توسعه در هر بخش، رتبه بندي و ضرايب نابرابري بين آنها محاسبه گرديده است و در نهايت اين كه اولويت‌هاي لازم براي توسعه را در هر شهرستان مشخص شده است.. در پايان با استفاده از نرم افزار Arc GIS سطح بندي شهرستان‌هاي استان، جهت تحليل توسعه فضايي بخش‌هاي استان نمايش داده شده است. و جايگاه هر يك از شهرستان‌هاي استان در توسعه اين بخش‌ها مشخص شده است. نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه نابرابري بين شهرستانهاي استان طي دوره زماني مورد بررسي در بخشهاي آموزش و بهداشت و درمان افزايش يافته است.اما اين افزايش ناچيز و روند توسعه متعادل بين شهرستان‌هاي استان رو به افزايش است.همچنين بايد بيشترين توجه را به شهرستان‌هاي دلفان، ازنا و اليگودرز داشت.

Extended Abstract Introduction In the development literature have 3 conception of development. 1: the development means of specific collection of activity. 2: the development means of fundamental process of revolution. 3: development means of specific achievement. In fact, the main of aim development is creating one of growth pattern for all people and society, as well as elimination of inequity. The best of development conception is growth with social inequity. For archive this aim need different and great planning in society. The inequity between of region limited development process. Therefore, the planners attempt to change the condition of inequity and promote development amount. The access measurement to common welfare, social service and service optimum distribution between region and country’s counties is very important. In iran, one or several region is developed and they offers service to all counties. The lorestan province with have much natural sources, diversion of climate, high water, high labor, tourism and ecotourism potentials and … don’t have adequate growth in country levels. Therefore, the examination and analysis of developed level of counties lorestan province in term of development indexes for regional planning is very important. 1-1- Objective and question of the study The main of this research is survey grad of counties development of lorestan province in sanitarian and education sectors with used of 39 index. This study seeks to explore the inequity amount between counties of lorestan province. In fact, whether, the inequity between counties is increasing or decreasing? 1-2- Theoretical base Methodology used in this study is analytical – descriptive method. The required data has been collected from different census sources (in 2 period of 1381 - 1387). The 1382 is, one year before of development fourth planning of iran and 1387 is, one year after of development fourth planning of iran. This research does with use of sanitarian and education sector. In the present study factor analyze and taxonomy model has been used for the analysis data, as well as Arc GIS software for the analysis of index (sanitarian and education) spatial distribution on pattern in counties of lorestan. 1-3- Case study This research has taken placed in lorestan province located in south west of Iran. According to 1385 census, this province had 1716527 populations and had 9 counties, 23 cities and 26 regions. The total area of lorestan province is 28157 kilometer square. 2- Theoretical Bases The development theories divided two main group, unbalanced growth and balanced growth. - perro, Hirschman and singer are most theoretician unbalanced growth. This idea growth pole is concentrated. The pole growth theory have considerate on 2 ideas: one of concentrate influence and dispread influence. In the places has not taken placed growth. The growth in taken placed on one of several development poles (concentrate influence). This poles spread development in specific ways of diffusion. That influenced all economic of country (diffusion influenced). (kalantari. 1999: 60-70). The main partialist of this theory believe that city spread result to social and economic development in rural. Therefore, we should spread industrial growth in great cities. - Myrdal, Harrison and Misra believe that growth pol theory cannot dispose inequity between different regions. Also, the growth poles increased inequity between regions. Therefore is not good pattern for undeveloped country. The economics of balanced growth theory in different region believe that regional balance development should provide good condition and facilities for comprehensive development all of region and eliminate inequity between regions. 3- Discussion According to analyzed, Poldokhtar, Selsele, Khorramabad and Aligoudarz counties have 1, 2, 3 and 4 grade in 1382 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in educational sector. In this year, Dorod, Boroujerd and Delfan counties have 7, 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore, is named underdeveloped in educational sector. The Kohdasht and Azna is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 82 years Poldokhtar is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0.24 in 82 year. According to analyzed, Selsele, Kohdasht, khorramabad and Poldokhtar counties have 1, 2, 3 and 4 grade in 1387 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in educational sector. In this year, Dorod, Azna and Delfan counties have 7, 8 and 9 grades and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore, is named underdeveloped in educational sector. The Boroujerd and Aligoudarz is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 87 years Selsele is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0.28 in 82 year. Inequity coefficient between counties of Lorestan increased from 0.24 in 1382 to 0.28 in 1387 year. In other hand inequity coefficient increased 12.73 percent. Therefore, developments fourth planning have increased inequity between counties of Lorestan province. According to analyzed, Boroujerd, Khorramabad and Azna counties have 1, 2 and 3 grade in 1382 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in sanitary sector. In this year, Poldokhtar, Selsele, Dorod and Delfan counties have 6, 7, 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore, is named underdeveloped in sanitary sector. The Kohdasht and Aligoudarz is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 82 years Boroujerd is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0.19 in 82 year. According to analyzed, Khorramabd, Boroujerd and Azna counties have 1, 2 and 3 grade in 1387 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in sanitary sector. In this year, Selsele, Poldokhtar, Dorod and Delfan counties have 6, 7, 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore, is named underdeveloped in sanitary sector. The Aligoudarz and Kohdasht is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 87 years Khorramabad is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0.20 in 87 year. Inequity coefficient between counties of Lorestan increased from 0.19 in 1382 to 0.20 in 1387 year. Therefore, developments fourth planning have increased inequity between counties of Lorestan province. But this increase is very low. 4- Conclusion In this study development degree of counties lorestan province in two sectors (educational and sanitary) and in two periods (1382 and 1387) with use of two models (Factor analysis and taxonomy model) calculated. The results show that inequity between counties province during development fourth planning in educational and sanitary is increased. But this amount is considerable. In fact with higher investment and equity distribution of facilities we can prevent inequity between counties. 5- Suggestion - According to analyzed in educational sector planners and maneger should must attention to Delfan, Azna, Dorod and Aligoudarz counties regularly. Also in sanitary sector we must attention to Delfan, Dorod, Poldokhtar, Selsele and kohdasht counties regularly. - The distribution of counties facilities and services should be done based on population changes. - The relatively balanced for distribute sanitary – educational facilities and services and balanced dispread all of facility to all of counties lorestan.