كليدواژه :
محدوده و حريم , ديماتل فازي , سطح منطقي , حريم در شهرهاي ايران
چكيده فارسي :
محدودههاي شهري و روش منطقي تعيين و تدقيق آن ها را ميتوان جنبه فراموش شده در نظام شهرسازي ايران دانست. هر چند در مراحل تدوين و تكوين قوانين شهري در ايران، عناوين متناظر موضوع بحث محدودههاي شهري(حريم، محدوده خدماتي، حريم استحفاظي، حوزه، حد مصوب و 16 واژه ديگر) به صورت متواتر به كار رفتهاند، ولي اين تواتر و تكرار بر ناكارآمدي قوانين ملاك عمل افزوده تا هيچگاه مكانيزم مطلوبي براي تعيين سطح منطقي آنها موجود نباشد. تجارب نظام شهرسازي ايران در قالب تهيه و اجراي طرح هاي توسعه شهري و بررسي چالشهاي فراروي آن گواه اين ادعاست كه امروزه بخش قابل توجهي از چالشهاي فراروي شهرسازي ايران(پراكندهرويي شهري، دسترسي غيرمؤثر به خدمات شهري، بورس بازي زمين، اسكان غير رسمي، تغيير كاربري اراضي و ...) مستقيماً متآثر از رويه هاي نادرست در تعيين سطح منطقي محدوده و حريم در شهرهاست.
اما به راستي ملاك و شاخص بهينه تعيين سطح محدودههاي شهري در ايران چيست؟ براي پاسخگويي به اين سؤال، پس از آسيب-شناسي رويههاي موجود و مطالعه طرح هاي جامع مصوب شوراي عالي شهرسازي و معماري، با استفاده از روش طوفان مغزي و تكنيك دلفي با 45 كارشناس صاحبنظر همفكري و پس از ادغام نتايج، 5 عامل اجتماعي، اقتصادي، كالبدي، طبيعي و قانوني و 18 زير عامل(شاخص) شناسايي و با توجه به ماهيت علي- معلولي در قالب تكنيك Fussy Dematel مدلسازي شدند. مهمترين يافتههاي پژوهش حاضر عبارتند از؛ اول، استخراج و پيشنهاد عوامل و شاخصهاي تعيين سطح منطقي محدوده و حريم در شهرهاي ايران، دوم، تعيين الگوي اثرگذاري و اثرپذيري شاخص منتخب و سوم، اولويتگذاري شاخصها به عنوان ملاك عمل تعيين سطحي منطقي محدوده و حريم در شهرهاي ايران.
چكيده لاتين :
1. Statement of problem: Urban boundaries and how they can be reasonably determined is neglected aspect in the Iranian urban planning system. However, in the formulation and development of municipal laws in Iran the subject of urban areas frequently been used, But the frequency and repetition criteria are added to the ineffectiveness of laws. So that, Has never been a good mechanism for determining a logical level for iranian urban bundaries. Iran urban palnning system experehence and examine the challenges faced by the witness that today, a significant part of urban development challenges in iran(urban spwral, ineffective access to utilities, land speculation, informal settlements, land use changes, etc.) directly affected by improper procedures in determining a reasonable area of urban boundares.
2. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to Extraction and modeling of selected indicators to determine the logic level of Iranian Urban Boundary (IUB) by using Fussy Dematel.
3. Research Method: But what indicators are optimum to determine urban boundary in Iran? To answer this question, after pathological examination of existing procedures and the examination of comprehensive plan approved by the Supreme Council for Planning and Architecture of iran, with using brainstorming and Delphi, been consulted with 45 experts.
4. Findings: after integrating the results, 5 factors of social, economic, physical, natural and legal, and 18 sub-factors (indicators) are identified and were modeled with Fussy Dematel technique and regarding to their nature of the causal effect .The most important findings of this study are: first the extraction of suggestive indicators for reasonable area of urban budaries, second, determine the impact and interact selected indicators anf theird, Third, the priority of this indicator as a criteria to determine a reasonable area of iranian bundares.
5. Results: Lack of transparent rules and codified in the definition and method of determining for these boundaries, On the other hand, the lack of mechanisms for management of these zones caused spontaneous expansion, scattered overlying municipal services and management costs, rising delinquencies in construction, land speculation and environmental issues in urban boundaries. The point that needs to be considered in determining the boundaries in Iranian cites is urban different geographic. Moreover the pathology of urban areas have shown that a lack of oversight and management of these areas is one of the most important challenges facing urban managers.