برنامه ريزي راهبردي توسعه اقتصاد روستايي در شهرستان لنجان (با تأكيد بر كارآفريني در صنايع تبديلي و تكميلي)

Strategic planning for development of rural economy on the LenjanTownship )With an emphasis onentrepreneurship in agroindustries

توسعه اقتصاد جوامع روستايي يكي از عوامل اصلي و كليدي توسعه اقتصاد ملّي و كارآفريني به عنوان رويكردي نوين در اين زمينه مطرح است؛ كارآفريني بر مبناي توسعه فعاليت هاي متنوع از مهمترين مواردي است كه نيازمند اتخاذ راهبردهاي منطقي و متناسب با توانمندي‌هاي محلي مي باشد. صنايع تبديلي و تكميلي نيز به عنوان يكي از مهمترين صنايع مكمل بخش كشاورزي از ديرباز به صورت سنتي مورد توجه بوده و مي تواند نقش قابل توجهي در اين ارتباط داشته باشند. شهرستان لنجان به جهت دارا بودن توان‌هاي محيطي بالا در بخش كشاورزي يكي از مهم‌ترين قطب‌هاي كشاورزي در استان اصفهان است، اما برغم داشتن اين پتانسيل، برنامه ريزي در جهت استفاده بهينه از منابع كمتر صورت پذيرفته است. در اين پژوهش كه به لحاظ هدف كاربردي و از نوع مطالعات توصيفي- تحليلي و مبتني بر پيمايش است سعي گرديد به برنامه ريزي راهبردي توسعه اقتصاد روستايي بر محور كارآفريني در صنايع تبديلي و تكميلي پرداخته شود؛ لذا با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته از تعداد192 نفركشاورز، روستايي و كارشناس مرتبط به عنوان نمونه پرسشنامه تكميل و براي تجزيه و تحليل ديدگاه پاسخگويان از آزمونهاي خي دو و فريدمن استفاده گرديد. در ادامه جهت ارائه راهبرد مناسب به تبيين نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت ها و تهديدها با بهره گيري از تكنيكSWOT پرداخته شده است. بر اساس نتايج حاصل از يافته‌هاي پژوهش، كارآفريني در صنايع تبديلي و تكميلي مي‌تواند نقش قابل توجهي بر اقتصاد روستايي داشته باشد و اين تأثيرگذاري به ترتيب در افزايش توليدات كشاورزي، افزايش درآمد، كاهش مهاجرت، كاهش فاصله طبقاتي، كاهش بيكاري فصلي، افزايش فعاليت اقتصادي زنان و ... است. همچنين براساس ميانگين كل امتيازات بدست آمده در مدل سوات، راهبرد مناسب و مطلوب راهبرد تهاجمي است.

1- Introduction One of the most important key factors in economy development of a nation is rural areas' economy development. Rural economy development in every region has been depended on the many activities. In this field, agro-industry activities are an important subdivision of agriculture that has an important role in rural economy and the life of villagers has been depended on it. Entrepreneurship is a novel approach in this area. Given the entrepreneurship based on development of various activities is one of the important issues needing logical strategies corresponding to the local potentials, thus complementary and transformative industries have been taken into account as one of the most important complementary activities in agricultural sector that has always traditionally been considered and have a significant role in employment and surplus labor absorption in agriculture sector. Lenjan town, having the highest agricultural potentials, has been one of the most important agricultural centers in Isfahan province. But in spite of this potential, entrepreneurship and rural economic development plans less have been done for agro industries. This research has studied rural economic development based on agro- industries in Lenjan. It shows that how agro-industry activity can play an important role in economic development of local entrepreneurship. 2- Theoretical Approach "Strategic Planning" is a process by which societies have been conducted based on a realistic evaluation of resources and environment regarding collective collaboration and stakeholders in a long-term. In the concept of "development" it has been stated, the development is not as same as economic growth, but it is a multidimensional process. It is from other concepts of "entrepreneurship". Entrepreneurship is a process that opportunities can be followed by individuals for themselves or for the organization regardless the resources that are controlled by them. The "rural economy" cannot be a fixed definition due to the diverse and changing characteristics and factors.In a definition,the rural economy is containing "all individual and social activities that have been performed in the rural environment to live and make rural material welfare. 3- Discussion In this paper, field survey has been applied using a cluster-randomized method to complete the sample questionnaire given to 23 farmers, 119 villagers living in the area and 50 experts from related agro-industries. The reliability of applied statistical method in this questionnaire was confirmed by faculty and professionals, and its stability was calculated by Alpha Cronbach's method. Then in the perspective of the participants in the rural economy development and the effects of agro industries in rural areas the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks were defined based on SWOT techniques. In order to prioritize strategies and transform qualitative indicators into quantitative ones «removing the scale» method was applied, also to analyze the answers the chi-square and Friedman statistical methods have been used. Regarding the common rule in SWOT analysis to present Macro strategies, if obtained mean from all scores of weaknesses and threats was lesser than opportunities and strengths