ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺷﺒﺎع اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﺳﺮﺧﺮﮔﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد دوﻧﺪﮔﺎن اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﯿﻢ ﻣﻠﯽ

Effect of a Period of Inspiratory Muscle Training at Altitude with Specific Training at High and Low Altitude on Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Performance of National Team's Endurance Runners

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺷﺒﺎع اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﺳﺮﺧﺮﮔﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد دوﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺗﯿﻢ ﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر، 12 دوﻧﺪة ﻣﺮد )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 3/1±24/4 ﺳﺎل؛ ﻗﺪ4/2±180/5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ؛ وزن3/4±66/7 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم؛ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮدة ﺑﺪن 1/0±20/5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ و ﺑﺪون آن، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ دوﯾﺪن در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي 3000 ﻣﺘﺮ، ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ، ﺣﺠﻢ ، ﺟﺮﯾﺎن دﻣﯽ و اﺷﺒﺎع اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﺳﺮﺧﺮﮔﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ و 24ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺲ از دورة ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺗﺪاوﻣﯽ، ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ، ﻫﻮازي و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻮد. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 16 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﻫﻔﺘﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ (اﺟﺮاي ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ در روزﻫﺎي زوج در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و اداﻣﮥ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺧﻮاب در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻ)را ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ30 ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت دوﺑﺎر در روز (ﺻﺒﺢ و ﻋﺼﺮ)، ﻫﻔﺖ روز در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ50 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦﮔﺮوﻫﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري (0.05≤P) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار زﻣﺎن دوي3000 ﻣﺘﺮ در دو ﮔﺮوه و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎن دﻣﯽ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﺣﺠﻢ و اﺷﺒﺎع اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﺳﺮﺧﺮﮔﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد (0.05≤P). ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت دﻣﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ در ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺪرت ﻋﻀﻼت و ﺟﺮﯾﺎن دﻣﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن دوي 3000 ﻣﺘﺮ در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of a period of inspiratory muscle training at altitude with specific training at High and Low altitude on SpO2 and performance of endurance runners. 12 running men (age: 24.4±3.1yrs, height: 180.5±4.2cm, weight: 66.7±3.4 kg, BMI: 20.5±1.0 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and without IMT, with specific running training at high and low altitude. Before and 24h after the training period, exhaustive testing free3000 m, Inspiratory strength Index (S-Index) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) tests were taken. Training program include same continues, interval, aerobic and resistance training for two groups. The runners performed 16 training session per week in Living high train high, low (LHTH,L) within four weeks (just 3 training sessions per week at even days performed at low altitude and keep training with sleep at high altitude). (IMT) consisted of 2 set of 30 breaths with closed nose twice a day (morning and evening) at 50% S-Index at altitude. Repeated measures ANOVA was used as statistical method (P≤0.05). IMT at hypoxia led to significant decrease in 3000 m running time, in both group. But the differences in volume and SpO2 was not significant (P≤0.05). Seems that using inspiratory muscle training along with specified training in hypoxia led to increase in inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory flow pressure, decrease of ventilation and also 3000 m running time in lower altitudes.