ارزيابي شخصيت و عملكرد عبدالله‌ بن‌مسعود

An Assessment of the Personality and Performance of Abdullah bin Masud

عبدالله­ بن­ مسعود از شخصيت­هاي به نام تاريخ صدر اسلام، قاري و داراي مصحف است كه ارزيابي شخصيّت او از آن رو داراي اهميت است كه مكاتب اسلامي از نظر آشنايي وي با علوم قرآن و حديث، قرائت و تفسير، بيشتر زبان به تاييدش گشوده ­اند. عملكرد او قبل از شهادت پيامبر (صلي الله عليه وآله) با عنوان شاگرد مكتب وحي و بعد از فقدان ايشان به عنوان مدافعِ اسلام اصيل قابل تأمل است. ابن­ مسعود از جمله صحابه ­اي است كه در طي حيات خود حتي اگر پيروي از مكتب حق به ظاهر موجب صدمه ديدن جايگاه اجتماعي او شد، موضع خود را كاملاً به صورت روشن بارها و بارها اعلام كرد؛ همين صراحت است كه از انديشۀ عبدالله­ بن ­مسعود مكتبي مستقل مي­سازد و اين مكتب پايه فعاليت­هاي امام علي (عليه السلام) در زمان حكومت ظاهري ايشان در كوفه است. همكاري او در زمان خليفه دوم كه بيشتر در حوزۀ فعاليت­هاي فرهنگي است از يك سو و موضع گيري­ هاي صريح او در برابر عملكرد خلفاي سه گانۀ بعد از پيامبر (صلي الله عليه وآله) به ويژه عثمان، نظرات متفاوتي را پيرامون وي رقم زده است كه با توجيه اذن امام علي(عليه السلام) به وي در جهت همكاري با دستگاه خلافت مي­تون كليات عملكرد او را مثبت ارزيابي كرد؛ چه اين­كه تنها نقد جدي اهل­ بيت (عليهم السلام) در منابع مختلف مربوط به حذف معوذتين از مصحف­ اش مي­ شود از اين­ رو مي­توان ساير تهمت­ ها را به سبب دفاع او از امام علي (عليه السلام) ترسيم كرد.

Abdullah bin Masud is one of the prominent figures in the history of early Islam. He is a reciter of the Quran and has his own copy of this holy book. The assessment of his personality is of interest since the Islamic schools of thought confirm his familiarity with the sciences of the Quran, hadith, recitation and interpretation. His performance before the martyrdom of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) as a follower of the revelation school and after his demise as a defender of Islam is of concern. Bin Masud is among the Companions who clearly expressed his views recurrently during his lifetime even if this practice and following the school of the truth apparently harmed his social position. This outspokenness makes an independent school out of Abdullah bin Masud’s thoughts and this school made a foundation for the activities of Imam Ali (a.s.) during the time of his apparent rule in Kufa. His cooperation, mainly in the field of cultural activities, with the second Caliph, on the one hand, and his outspoken stance against the performance of the three caliphs after the Prophet (p.b.u.h.), especially Osman, on the other, has been evaluated differently by different people. However, as he was permitted by Imam Ali (a.s.) to cooperate with the caliphate, his general performance can be considered positive and the only serious criticism levelled against him from Ahl al-Beyt (a.s.) in different resources is his omission of the last two chapters of the Quran from his copy of this holy book. Hence, other accusations brought against him can be justified on the grounds that he defended Imam Ali (a.s.).