نقدي بر رويكردهاي توسعه در كشور: راه ‌كارهاي تقويت توليد داخلي با تمركز بر رويكرد قابليت ‌ها در چهارچوب گفتمان اقتصاد مقاومتي

Solutions of Promoting Internal Production Focusing on Capabilities: Approach in the Framework of Resistive Economy Discourse

از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاي اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﻲ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ و اﺗﻜﺎ ﺑﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد داﻧﺶ ﺑﻨﻴﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻘـﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ از ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎرﻫـﺎي ﻓﻌـﺎل در زﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺻﺎدرات ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه، ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻧﻬﺎدي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﻲ آن ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه در اﻳﺮان را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﻳﻜـﺮد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖﻫـﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺮور ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻃﻠـﺲ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺎﺳﻤﻦ و ﻫﻴﺪاﻟﮕﻮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﺮان ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﺻﺎدرات اﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و از اﻳﻦ رو ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎر دام ﺳﻜﻮن ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ.

One of the most important component of implementing of resistive economy is the special attention to the production of primary commodities and fundamental products based on knowledge economy. In order to realizing resistive economy policies in Iran, there is a need to move from low-tech level to high- tech level productions. Business development in the sophisticated exports, requires the development of technical and institutional capabilities. Hence, the present study aimes to investigate and introduce the mechanisms of production of complex and sophisticated commodities in Iran according to the capability approach. After reviewing the research literature, using the complexity atlas which proposed by Hausman and Hidalgo (2013), Iran position in world complex products has been analysed, results show that Iran has not been successful in producing complex commodities. Iran’s production and exports are often related to simple commodities, and like many other developing countries, Iran has suffered from kind of quiescence trap. Finally, policy suggestions have been made to improve the level of product complexity.