ارزش گذاري محيط زيستي پارك ملي درياچه اروميه به روش تابع توليد و هزينه خانوار

The Valuation of Environmental Value in Urmia Lake National Parks With Household Production & Cost Function Method

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺣﻔﻆ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺑﻘﺎي ﺑﺸﺮ، در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺣﻔﻆ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺨﺮﯾـﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎدر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺟﺎﻧﻮري اﺳـﺖ و ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮان و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ، ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫـﺪف از اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺗﻔﺮج در ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﺮاي اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از اﻟﮕﻮي ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ روش اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ 75 ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻮده و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1389 اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺗﻔﺮج داراي راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﺑـﺎ درآﻣـﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮان،ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﻧﯿﺰ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اي ﺗﻔﺮج اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑـﺎ اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻧﻈﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﯾﻪاي ﺗﻔﺮج ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت در ﭘﺎرك 653 رﯾﺎل ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺎس ﮐـﻞ ارزش ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺎرك در ﺣﺪود 275 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﺗﻮﻣﺎن ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﭘـﺎرك ﻣﻠـﯽ درﯾﺎﭼـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺗﻔﺮج ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻨﮑﻪ از ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎرك ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﻮد.

According to importance of environmental resources in conservation of natural ecosystems and human life, restriction on destruction is necessary. National park of Urmia lake in west Azarbayjan province is the habitat of some animals and herbaceous rare species. National parks have many recreational values for people leisure activities. Urmia lake park provides some qualitative services to the people of this areas. In this research the production function of outdoor recreation in national parks have been computed using household production function of Gary Backer model. In this methods I analyed the relationship between factor of recreation production, time of travel and recreational services by Cobb- Douglas function. Then demand of recreation in Urmia national parks was surveyed, along with demand curves related to the quality of park, income of people ,education of people, and shadow price. The result showed that the recreational shadow price is near to 60 cents for any minutes in national parks. After selection of model, the total economic value of park was computed to $ 25000 per year, which can be used as a base to optimize the financial policy making process in west Azarbayjan province.