ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺨﺘﮕﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ

Better Management of the Environment by Identifying Effective Factors on Hydrological Drought (Case Study: Bakhtegan Watershed)

اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻫﻤﯿﺸﮕﯽ 36 ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 230 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآﯾـﺪ، ﺧﺸﮑﺴـﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ وﻗﻮع ﻣﯽ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه داراي آﺛﺎر و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد و ﻧﺎﮔﻮاري اﺳﺖ ، ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ، ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ وﻗﻮع ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻫﻤﻪ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻋﻢ از ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﯾﺎ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﻣﻌـﺮض ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ اﯾﺮان ﮐﻪ در ﮐﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻗﺮار دارد، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺸـﺪﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨـﺪه آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ را در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺖ ﯾـﺎري ﮐﻨـﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي ﺷـﺪت ﺧﺸﮑﺴـﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺑﺨﺘﮕﺎن واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس در 20 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪت ﺧﺸﮑﺴـﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ران اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 14 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 4 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض، ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ در ﺧﺸﮑﺴـﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ 4 ﻋﺎﻣﻞ، 89/82 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ.

In addition to the perennial problem of water shortage in 36 countries with a population of over 230 million people, drought is also the phenomenon that occurs once every few years, over there. Effects and consequences of this phenomenon are numerous and unpleasant. The most important impact of drought is effects on the environment. It means that when drought occurs, natural ecosystem and human are exposed to deterioration and pollution. Because Iran is located on the dry belt in the world, identification of these factors can help us in controlling and protecting the environment. In the present study, hydrological drought in the Bakhtegan watershed in Fars was investigated with 20 stations. To estimate the intensity of hydrological drought, the Run theory was used. Factor analysis was performed by 14 variables derived from physiographic and climatic characteristics. Results of these analysis showed that in hydrological drought, four factors can be responsible for 89/82 percent of changes. These factors are Area, Average height, Compactness and Length to width ratio.