بهره ‌مندي از مدل تصميم ‌گيري چندمعياره TOPSIS در ارزيابي پيامدهاي محيط زيستي پالايشگاه‌ هاي نفت (مطالعه موردي: پالايشگاه نفت فوق سنگين خوزستان)

Application of TOPSIS in Environmental Impact Assessment of Oil Refineries (Case Study: Khouzestan Super Heavy Oil Refinery)

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ (EIA) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰار ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺛـﺎر ﭘﺮوژه ﻫـﺎي ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﯽ و رﻋﺎﯾـﺖ اﻫـﺪاف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻧﻔﺖ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن در 7 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﻬﺮ آﺑﺎدان در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ از روش دﻟﻔﯽ و ﻣﺪل TOPSIS از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎره اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺰﯾﺖ TOPSIS در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي آﺛﺎر ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت اﺳـﺖ. روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ داراي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪت، داﻣﻨـﻪ و ... ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾـﻦ روش در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ (اﺛﺮات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻃﺮﺣﯽ ﺧﺎص) را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾـﺖ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﮐـﺮد. دﻗـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ و ﺗﻮاﻧـﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي اﯾﻦ روش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ روش ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ آﺛـﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ EIA در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ.

Khouzestan super Heavy oil refinery, 7 km north of Abadan in Khouzestan province was chosen as a case study, in assessing the environmental impacts, by Delphi method and the TOPSIS, (a multi- criteria decision models). The advantage of TOPSIS in the environmental impacts assessment is ranking positive and negative effects by using different criteria. Appropriate method to assess the effects must have standards and guidelines for determining and ranking the intensity, range, and so on. By using this method in environmental impact assessment, infinitely alternative (the impacts of a specific plan) can be ranked based on the infinitely criteria. High accuracy and use of spreadsheet software are other advantages of this method. Present research is a step towards the introduction of new methods of environmental impact assessment and its application in the EIA process in Iran, which, however selecting the appropriate methodology has a long way to go (for lack of standards).