ارزيابي اثر آبياري با پساب شهري بر تجمع برخي عناصر شيميايي در گياه و خصوصيات اكولوژيكي گياه اكاليپتوس Eucalyptus camadulensis Dehnh.

Investigation the Effect of Irrigation With Municipal Waste Water on Accumulation of Some Pollutants and Chemicals Elements in Plant and Its Effect on their Ecological Characteristics (A Case Study: Eucalyptus Globulus)

اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﯾﯽ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﯿﺰان آب و ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. درﺧﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ زﻧﺪه در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎدر ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺟﺬب و ذﺧﯿﺮه در اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻣﻮاد آﻻﯾﻨﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻀﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. اﮐﺎﻟﯿﭙﺘﻮس .Eucalyptus camadulensis Dehnh از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﺮﺷﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ در ﺟﺬب آب و آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك دارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در اﻃﺮاف ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮي ﺣﺼﺎرﺳﺮخ، واﻗﻊ در دﺷﺖ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه اﮐﺎﻟﯿﭙﺘﻮس و اﺣﯿﺎي اﯾﻦ اراﺿﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درﺧﺘﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎب و آب ﭼﺎه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻏﻨﺎ، ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي و ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 10 ﭘﻼت 10×10 ﻣﺘﺮ، اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ، ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، داده ﻫﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن داﻧﮑﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎﺟﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎب و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺮ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ، در اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 25/08، 38/04، و 40/02 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ.

The use of waste water in the agriculture may reduce the pollution of soil and water resources, preserves the hydric resources and increase availability of nutritious and water for plants. Trees can convert some harmful pollutants to non-harmful material via absorption, accumulation in aerial organ, respiration and photosynthesis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation with municipal waste water on accumulation of some pollutants material in trees and its effect on their ecological characteristics. This study was carried out in two planted  Eucalyptus globulus site in Hesarsorkh- plain dry around Qom: irrigated with treated wastewater and irrigated with well water. In each site, frequency, density and canopy cover of trees have been studied in 10 random sampling plots of 10 & nbsp;10 meters. The richness, diversity and uniformity of the plants was also calculated. Chemical properties of & nbsp;trees (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus) were measured by flame photometer. The data were analyzed in a factorial design with Duncan . According to results, the percentage of canopy cover was increased, whereas richness species was decreased in the area irrigated with waste water. No significant effect was observed on biodiversity of plants. Phosphorus, potassium and sodium, were increased significantly in tree planted in the area irrigated with waste water compared to control area (P<0.5%).& nbsp; The increase of Phosphorus, potassium and sodium were 25.08, 38.04 and 40.02 respectively.