تأثير عامل رويشگاه بر ارزش علوفه اي گونه گياهي Gundelia tournefortii L. طي مراحل مختلف فنولوژي، در شمال شرق استان خوزستان

Habitat factors impact on nutritional values Gundelia tournefortii L. at phenological stages in the North East of Khozestan Province

ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮگ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺬر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي Gundelia tournefortii (ﮐﻨﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي) در ﭼﻬﺎر روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺷـﻤﺎل ﺷـﺮق اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳـﺘﺎن (دﻫـﺪز، ﺷﺎﻫﺰاده اﺣﻤﺪ1، ﺷﺎﻫﺰاده اﺣﻤﺪ 2 و درهﺧﺮﺳﻮن) و در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي (روﯾﺸﯽ، ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﺑـﺬردﻫﯽ) اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك در ﻫﺮ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه از ﻋﻤﻖ 30-0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ، درﺻﺪ آﻫﮏ، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد، اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ (ﺑـﺮگ، ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺬر) در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﺧﺸﮏ و آﺳﯿﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي درﺻـﺪي Ash, WSC, DMD, CP و ADF ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش NIR آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري از ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ وارﯾـﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن داﻧﮑﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎي ﭘﻨﺠﮕﺎﻧـﻪ ي ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي ﮐﻨﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺷﺪ روﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﺑﺬردﻫﯽ در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد (0/01>p). ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي اﻧﺪام ﻫـﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه دﻫﺪز، ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ و در روﯾﺸـﮕﺎه دره ﺧﺮﺳـﻮن، ﮐﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪار را دارد. ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﺳﻄﺢ 99 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد روﯾﺸﮕﺎه دره ﺧﺮﺳﻮن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ آﻫﮏ (1±35/667)، EC (0/045±2/15) اسيديته ﺧﺎك (0/05±8/733) ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧـﺎك و روﯾﺸـﮕﺎه دﻫﺪز ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن (0/05±1/87)، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ (0/3±3/6) و ﻓﺴـﻔﺮ (0/1±45) ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎك را داراﺳﺖ. در واﻗﻊ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻨﮕـﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻓـﻪ اي ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه اﺳﺖ.

Recognition of quality value of plant at phenological stages is necessary for rangeland management. In this study was compared quality of G.tournefortii Leaf, stem and seed and in four natural regions in North East of Khozestan province (Dehdez, ShahzadeAmad1, SahzadeAhmad2 and DareKhorson) at three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding). Soil texture, lime, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, N and P contents have been sampled in 0-30 depth. Aerial parts of G. tournefortii (leaf, stem and seed) were collected, dried and was measured crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD), Water Soluble Carbohyrates (WSC), Ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) by NIR method.& nbsp; For statistical analysis was used multivariate analysis of variance and Duncan test was used to compare means.The result showed that five parameters nutritional values of G.tournefortii leaf at vegetative stage more than two flowering and seeding in the four habitats. The comparison showed significant mean differences (p<0.01). Nutritional values of G.tournefortii aerial part is most in Dehdez habitat and in DareKhorson habitat is the lowest. Soil characteristics showed no significant difference at 99%. Soil conditions of Darekhorson habitat with high percent of lime (35.667±1), EC (2.15±0.045), pH (8.733 & plusmn;0.05) is most unfavorable and Habitat, soil conditions of Dehdez habitat with high content of N (1.87±0.05), Organic matter (3.6 & plusmn; 0.3) and P (45 & plusmn; 0.1) was most favorable in are the most unfavorable. The results showed, content of quality parameters of plant can vary depending on weather conditions