بررسي غلظت سرب، روي و مس در خاك و گونه مرتعي Kochia prostrate(L.) Schrad. در اطراف كارخانه سيمان فيروزكوه

Investigation concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu in the soil and range species Kochia prostrate around of Firoozkooh cement factory

اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻞ ﺳﺮب، ﻣﺲ و روي در ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه Kochia prostrate(L.) Schrad اﻃﺮاف ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﻤﺎن ﻓﯿﺮوزﮐﻮه در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك از ﻋﻤﻖ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮي و 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه از اﻃﺮاف ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﻤﺎن از ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ 500، 1000، 1500 و 2000 ﻣﺘﺮي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي دور از ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﻤﺎن (ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 2500 ﻣﺘﺮ) در ﺧﻼف ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش داﻧﮑﻦ و آزﻣﻮن t اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺎك ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و آﻟﻮده داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺮب، ﻣﺲ و روي در ﺧﺎك ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 8/69، 11/34 و 33/95 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و در ﺧﺎك آﻟﻮده 18/6، 31/79 و 66/12 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ در ﺧﺎك و در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري اﺳﺖ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ در اﻧﺪام زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در اﻧﺪام زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 10/31، 21/94 و در اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ 3/14 و 13/84 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ روي در اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ 97/02 و در اﻧﺪام زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ 88/52 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ PIi ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار دارد و ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روي ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ زﯾﺎد اﺳﺖ.

This study was determined to the amount of Pb, Cu and Zn in the soil and plants around Firoozkooh cement factory in Tehran.& nbsp; 15 Soil and 15 plant samples collected in the cement from 500 meters to 2000 meters away from the prevailing wind direction. The control samples collected from the opposite prevailing wind direction (2500 meters from factory). The collected Samples transported to the laboratory for testing. The concentration of Pb, Cu, and Zn of the samples were determined by using ICP Device. Data analysis using analysis of variance, comparison of means by Duncan and t-test was performed in SPSS16. The results of the study showed that concentration of all of the measured elements in control soil and polluted soil to have distinction significant so that concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn in control soil is 8.69, 11.34 & 33.95 and concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn in polluted soil is 18.6, 31.79, and 66.12. The concentration of Pb and Cu in root is more than shoot and concentration of Zn is higher in shoot. Level of contamination was calculated based on the PIi pollution index. The index for Pb and Cu pollution levels are low and average and index for Zn is average and high. According to the results concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu in the area is not more than of international standards, but concentration around the factory showed 2.14, 2.80 and 1.94 times increase compared to the control area, respectively.