تعيين سهم و شناسايي برخي از اثرات متغيرهاي فيزيكي و شيميايي خاك بر پراكنش گياهان دارويي زيست بوم البرز مركزي (مطالعه موردي: منطقه ملرد، سوادكوه)

Identification & variance decomposition of some soil chemical and physical properties affecting medical plants distribution (Case Study: Melerd, SavadKooh)

اﻣﺮوزه ﯾﮑﯽ از زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺣﻮزه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك داراي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اداﻓﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ آﻣﺎري ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ 22 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ داروﯾﯽ در 200 ﭘﻼت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ روي 40 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ 50 ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ- ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ روي ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ، ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﮐﺐ از ﻋﻤﻖ 0 ﺗﺎ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه، 11 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻗﻮس ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه (DCA) ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اداﻓﯿﮑﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪه ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرﻓﯽ (CCA) اﺛﺮات اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﻦ و رس ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ و ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ CCA ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ 62/1 درﺻﺪ و ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك 32/8 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮐﻢ ذاﺗﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺴﺮﺗﺮ و ﺳﻬﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

Now days, Identification of effective environmental factors is of importance in Medical plant science. Among environmental factors, physical and chemical properties of soil have an important role on plants distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between medical plant distribution and soil physical and chemical properties using Multivariate Analysis. Vegetation sampling was carried in forty 50m transects and Two hundred 1x1 m² plots were used to record species cover percentage using randomized systematic method. We found 22 medical plants. Also, 1 soil sample was taken in each transect (in 0-30cm soil depth). 11 physical and chemical properties of soil were measured in soil Lab. The results of DCA and CCA showed that there is a significant correlation (P value =0.001) between physical and chemical properties of soil with medical plants distribution. All of species were affected by aforementioned parameters. Among physical properties, particularly Sand and Clay have strongest effect on plant distribution. In chemical properties, pH, EC, Ca & Mg were more effective than other chemical properties. Finally using variation partitioning method we found that more variance in vegetation data was explained by Chemical soil factors (62.1%) than that by Physical soil factors (32.8%).