تعيين الگوي پراكنش گونه زرشك (Berberis integerrima) با استفاده از روش هاي نمونه برداري صد درصد، شاخص هاي فاصله اي و نقطه اي در مراتع مشجر اسب چر استان مازندران

Determination of spatial pattern of Berberis integerrima using hundred percent sampling methods, distance and point indices in Asbchar woody rangeland in Mazandaran province

آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت و ﺿﺮورﯾﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ.اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ زرﺷﮏ در ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﺳﺐ ﭼﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻠﺪه ﻧﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ- ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ در ﻣﺤﺪوده 1400 ﻫﮑﺘﺎري در اﻣﺘﺪاد 3 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ 100ﻣﺘﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ 10 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 10 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻫﻢ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 30 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آن ﺗﺎ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺗﺎ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﺎ دوﻣﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ آن اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ داده ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪاي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ (اﺑﺮﻫﺎرت، ﻫﺎﭘﮑﯿﻨﺰ، ﻫﻮﻟﮕﯿﺖ و ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن وزﯾﻤﺮ) ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭘﻼت ﻫﺎي 3 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮادراﺗﯽ (ﻧﺴﺒﺖ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، ﮔﺮﯾﻦ، ﻟﻮﯾﺪ، ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎ و ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد) ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روش ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺻﺪدرﺻﺪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ روش ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﻪ، K راﯾﭙﻠﯽ و Ld اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را ﮐﭙﻪ اي ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪاي، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن و زﯾﻤﺮ، اﺑﺮﻫﺎرﺗﻮ ﻫﺎﭘﮑﯿﻨﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 2/66، 2/05 و 0/6 و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻮادراﺗﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ، ﮔﺮﯾﻦ، ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎ و ﻣﻮرﯾﺴﯿﺘﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 6/88، 0/2، 2/3 و 0/53، اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﭙﻪ اي را ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ؛ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از اﯾﻦ روش ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻼح ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﭙﻪاي آن را در ﻧﻈﺮ داﺷﺖ.

Knowledge of the spatial patterns of plants distribution is necessary for the measurement and investigation of vegetation. This research was carried out to study and analysis the distribution pattern of Berberi integerrima in Asbchar rangelands of Baladeh Mountains at the Noor County. Sampling method was random- systematic along three transects with 100 meters length within the type of 1400 hectare. 10 random points were selected along each transect with distance of 10 m and were performed measurements. After choosing any random point, were measured its distance to the nearest plant, distance of that plant to nearest neighbor plant and distance of random point to second nearest plant. Using this data was calculated distance indices of distribution (Eberhart, Hopkins, Holgate, Johnson and Zimmer). In addition, in each random point were established 3m2 plots and were counted number of plants at them. With this information were calculated the quadratic indices of distribution (variance mean, green, Lloyd, Morisita and standard Morisita). The results of methods of one hundred percent sampling methdos such as nearest neighbor, K Rieply and Ld showed that distribution pattern of the species is clumped. Between the distance indices of distribution, Johnson and Zimmer, Eberhart and Hopkins with values 2.66, 2.05 and 0.6 respectively and between the quadratic indices, variance mean, green, Morisita and standard Morisita with values 6.88, 0.2, 2.3 and 0.53 respectively showed clumped pattern for this species. Therefore, for determination of the distribution pattern of this species must be used these methods and pay attention to are better methods to clumped pattern of this species when rangeland are reclaiming with this species.