تأثير آلودگي‌هاي ناشي از صنايع پتروشيمي كرمانشاه بر برخي صفات رويشي و فيزيولوژيكي كاج الدار (Pinus eldarica Medw.) و سرو ناز (Cupressus sempervirens L.)

The pollution effect of Kermanshah petrochemical industry on some growth and physiological characteristics of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L.

ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﭼﻮب در ﺟﺬب آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ دارﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮐﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻞ ﭼﻬﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و اﺛﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روي و ﮐﺮوم ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و رﺷﺪي ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎج اﻟﺪار و ﺳﺮو ﻧﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮐﺎري ﺷﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ (ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻟﻮده) و ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮐﺎري در اﻃﺮاف ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﯿﻤﯽ (ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ) اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﯾﻦ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ در اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ، دو ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎل ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎج اﻟﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮو ﻧﺎز ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻟﻮده اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺎج اﻟﺪار ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ، ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ و ﻗﻨﺪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮگ داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻮد و ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮو ﻧﺎز ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺮگ و ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮگ و رﯾﺸﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار آﻻﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روي و ﮐﺮوم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ درﺧﺘﺎن ﮐﺎج اﻟﺪار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮو ﻧﺎز ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد.

Natural and artificial forests absorb air pollutants and reduce pollution in addition to wood production. This study investigated the role of Polchahr forestation region in Kermanshah was investigated in reducing pollution due to petrochemical industry and also the effect of zinc and chromium on physiological characteristics and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus Sempervirens L. The plantation area in Petrochemicals factory (infected site) and a plantation area around Petrochemicals (control site) were designated for the study. Results showed that the concentration of the two elements in roots and stems of both species in the infected site were significantly higher than the control site. Also in the area infested with the two elements, the shoot and root lengths of Pinus eldarica Medw. species decreased significantly compared to the control area while in Cupressus sempervirens L. only root length in the contaminated area was significantly difference from the control areas. Moreover, results showed that in the infected area, total chlorophyll, and proline and sugar contents in the leaves of the Pinus eldarica Medw. and Cupressus sempervirens L. species were significantly different compared to the disinfected area. In general, reduction in the pollution with zinc and chromium was more in Pinus eldarica Medw. than in Cupressus sempervirens